「ザ・テレパシーテープス」エピソード 1の概要

音声トランスクリプト

[00:01] 男: さて、今日なんですが、これは、えっと、非常に興味深い、そして、まあ、考えさせられるテーマかもしれませんね。
[00:08] 女: と言いますと？
[00:09] 男: あの、話すことができないお子さん、ま、自閉症と診断されることが多いんですが、その子たちがテレパシー能力を持っているかもしれないと。そういう主張×Meaning: Claim, assertion, insistence. Grammar: – Noun. – Can be made into a verb by adding する (suru): 主張する (shuchou suru) – to claim, to assert, to insist. Usage: Used when someone strongly states their opinion, belief, or point, often with the intention to persuade or stand firm. Examples: 彼の主張は証拠に基づいている。 His claim is based on evidence. 会議で自分の意見をはっきりと主張した。 I clearly asserted my opinion at the meeting. Register/Formality: Neutral to slightly formal. Common in discussions, debates, reports. Nuance: Implies a stronger statement than just ‘opinion’ (意見 iken). It suggests conviction and a desire to be accepted.があるんです。
[00:20] 女: ああ、なるほど。
[00:21] 男: で、手元にある情報源はですね、この現象を探る×Meaning: To explore/investigate a phenomenon. Grammar: – 現象 (genshou): Noun – phenomenon. – を (wo): Direct object particle. – 探る (saguru): Verb – to probe, explore, search for, investigate (often implies trying to find out something hidden or unclear). Structure: Noun + を + Verb (探る) Usage: Used when trying to understand or find out more about an event, situation, or occurrence, especially one that is unusual, complex, or not fully understood. Examples: 科学者たちはその奇妙な現象を探っている。 Scientists are investigating that strange phenomenon. 事件の原因を探るために、警察は聞き込み調査を行った。 To investigate the cause of the incident, the police conducted interviews. Register/Formality: Neutral to slightly formal. Common in contexts of investigation or research. Alternatives: 現象を調査する (genshou wo chousa suru – to investigate a phenomenon – often more formal/systematic), 現象を研究する (genshou wo kenkyuu suru – to research a phenomenon). ‘Saguru’ can imply a deeper probing or preliminary exploration.ポッドキャスト、「ザ・テレパシー・テープス」からの記録です。
[00:28] 男: 特に、え、神経科学者のダイアン・ヘネシー・パウエル博士の研究、それとメキシコに住むミアという女の子のケースに注目しています。
[00:37] 女: それはまた、あの、コミュニケーションとは何かとか、意識そのもの、あるいは科学的な検証の限界×Meaning: The limits/limitations of scientific verification/validation. Grammar: – 科学的 (kagakuteki): Na-adjective – scientific. – な (na): Connector particle for na-adjectives. – 検証 (kenshou): Noun – verification, validation, inspection. – の (no): Possessive particle (‘of’). – 限界 (genkai): Noun – limit, boundary. Structure: Na-adjective + な + Noun + の + Noun Usage: Refers to the boundaries beyond which current scientific methods, tools, or understanding cannot prove, disprove, measure, or explain something. Examples: 現在の技術では、科学的な検証の限界がある。 With current technology, there are limits to scientific verification. 意識の存在は、科学的な検証の限界を超えていると言われることがある。 The existence of consciousness is sometimes said to be beyond the limits of scientific verification. Register/Formality: Formal. Used in academic, philosophical, or technical discussions. Nuance: Highlights the boundaries of what science can currently confirm or measure objectively according to its established methods.みたいな、かなり根本的な問いを投げかける×Meaning: To pose/raise/ask a question (often a challenging, profound, or thought-provoking one). Grammar: – 問い (toi): Noun – question (often deeper or more fundamental than 質問 shitsumon). – を (wo): Direct object particle. – 投げかける (nagekakeru): Compound verb (投げる nageru ‘to throw’ + 掛ける kakeru ‘to hang/address’). Means ‘to throw (a question, words) at someone’, ‘to pose’, ‘to raise’. Structure: Noun (問い) + を + Verb (投げかける) Usage: Used when presenting a question, problem, or issue for consideration, often suggesting it requires deep thought, challenges existing views, or opens up a discussion. Examples: その映画は観客に人生の意味についての問いを投げかける。 That movie poses questions about the meaning of life to the audience. 彼の発言は、我々の倫理観に対する深刻な問いを投げかけた。 His remarks raised serious questions about our sense of ethics. Register/Formality: Neutral to formal. Common in discussions, analyses, writing, and presentations. Alternatives: 疑問を呈する (gimon wo tei suru – to raise a doubt/question), 問題提起する (mondai teiki suru – to raise an issue). ‘Toi wo nagekakeru’ often has a more evocative or challenging nuance.テーマですね。
[00:48] 男: そうなんです。
[00:48] 女: 多くの親御さん×Meaning: Parents (polite term). Grammar: – Noun. – Composed of 親 (oya – parent) + 御 (go – honorific prefix) + さん (san – honorific suffix). Usage: A polite and respectful way to refer to someone else’s parents or to parents in general, especially in formal situations or when showing deference. More polite than 親 (oya) or 両親 (ryoushin). Examples: お子さんの親御さんにご連絡ください。 Please contact the child’s parents. 親御さん向けのセミナーが開かれます。 A seminar for parents will be held. Register/Formality: Polite. Cultural Context: Using honorific prefixes like ‘o-‘ or ‘go-‘ and suffixes like ‘-san’ is crucial for showing respect in Japanese. Referring to someone else’s parents as just ‘oya’ can sound blunt or rude.が、いや、うちの子は実はすごく能力があって、もしかしたらその人の思考を読んでる×Meaning:
Reading someone’s thoughts; understanding what someone is thinking without them saying it (mind-reading).

Grammar:
– 人 (hito): person/people.
– の (no): possessive particle (‘s). ‘hito no’ means ‘person’s’.
– 思考 (shikou): thought(s), thinking process.
– を (wo): direct object particle.
– 読んでる (yonderu): Colloquial contraction of 読んでいる (yonde iru), the -te iru (present continuous or state) form of 読む (yomu – to read). In this context, ‘yomu’ means ‘to read’ in the sense of perceiving or understanding, often used for mind-reading or guessing feelings accurately.

Structure: (Person’s) + Noun (思考) + を + Verb (-te iru form, colloquial)

Usage: Used colloquially to describe the act or perceived ability of knowing what another person is thinking or feeling, often implying intuition, empathy, or sometimes suspicion of mind-reading.

Examples:
彼女は人の思考を読んでるみたいだ。
It seems like she’s reading people’s thoughts.
何も言わなくても、彼は私の思考を読んでるかのように、欲しいものをくれた。
Even though I didn’t say anything, he gave me what I wanted, almost as if he were reading my thoughts.

Register/Formality: Informal/Colloquial (due to ‘yonderu’). The standard form is 読んでいる (yonde iru).

Nuance:
While ‘yomu’ literally means ‘to read’, in this phrase it refers to perceiving or deeply understanding unspoken thoughts or feelings, rather than literal telepathy in most cases. It can sometimes be used hyperbolically.んじゃないかみたいに報告してると。
[00:57] 男: ええ、そういう声があるんですね。
[00:58] 女: ただもちろん、それに対しては強い懐疑論×Meaning: Skepticism (as a viewpoint, argument, or theory). Grammar: – Noun. – Composed of 懐疑 (kaigi – doubt, skepticism) + 論 (ron – theory, argument, view, discourse). Usage: Refers to a skeptical stance, argument, or philosophy that questions or doubts the validity of certain claims, beliefs, phenomena, or knowledge, often demanding strong evidence. Examples: その超常現象の話には懐疑論が多い。 There is much skepticism regarding that story about paranormal phenomena. 彼は科学的な懐疑論の立場をとっている。 He takes a stance of scientific skepticism. Register/Formality: Neutral to formal. Used in discussions about beliefs, theories, claims, science, and philosophy. Nuance: Differs from simple ‘doubt’ (疑い utagai). ‘Kaigiron’ implies a more reasoned, principled, or systematic stance of questioning, often based on logic or lack of empirical evidence.も、まあ、当然あるわけですけど。
[01:04] 男: ですよね。
[01:05] 男: では、この情報源から具体的にどんな現象が主張されて×Meaning: phenomena are claimed/asserted. Grammar: – 現象 (genshou): Noun – phenomenon. – が (ga): Subject marker particle. – 主張される (shuchou sareru): Passive form of 主張する (shuchou suru – to claim/assert). The stem 主張し (shuchoushi) + される (sareru – passive auxiliary). – されて (sarete): The te-form of される, used here for listing sequential or parallel actions/states (…claimed, …attempted, …emerge). Structure: Noun + が + Verb (passive form, te-form) Usage: Indicates that a phenomenon is being presented, put forward, or declared as real or true by someone, highlighting that it is a claim made by others. Examples: その研究では、新しい物理現象が主張されている。 In that research, a new physical phenomenon is being claimed. 彼によって発見されたとされる現象が主張されたが、まだ証明されていない。 The phenomenon claimed to have been discovered by him was asserted, but it hasn’t been proven yet. Register/Formality: Neutral to formal. Common Mistakes: Distinguish the passive ‘shuchou sareru’ (is claimed) from the active ‘shuchou suru’ (to claim). The particle ‘ga’ marks ‘genshou’ as the subject that undergoes the action of being claimed.、どんな実験が試みられて×Meaning: experiments are attempted/tried. Grammar: – 実験 (jikken): Noun – experiment. – が (ga): Subject marker particle. – 試みられる (kokoromirareru): Passive potential form of 試みる (kokoromiru – to try, to attempt). The stem 試み (kokoromi) + られる (rareru – passive/potential auxiliary). – 試みられて (kokoromirarete): The te-form of 試みられる, used here for listing. Structure: Noun + が + Verb (passive potential form, te-form) Usage: Indicates that an experiment was carried out or attempted. The verb ‘kokoromiru’ often implies trying something new, difficult, or uncertain. Examples: 新しい治療法の効果を確認するために、多くの実験が試みられた。 Many experiments were attempted to confirm the effectiveness of the new treatment method. 危険な実験が試みられたが、失敗に終わった。 A dangerous experiment was attempted, but it ended in failure. Register/Formality: Neutral to formal. ‘Kokoromiru’ is generally more formal than やってみる (yatte miru – to try out). Alternatives: 実験が行われる (jikken ga okonawareru – experiments are conducted/carried out). ‘Kokoromirareru’ can place slightly more emphasis on the ‘attempt’ aspect.、そしてどういう疑問点が出てくる×Meaning: points of doubt / questions arise or emerge. Grammar: – 疑問点 (gimonten): Noun – point of doubt, questionable point, query. Composed of 疑問 (gimon – doubt, question) + 点 (ten – point). – が (ga): Subject marker particle. – 出てくる (detekuru): Compound verb. 出る (deru – to come out, emerge, appear) + くる (kuru – to come). Overall meaning: ‘to come out’, ‘to appear’, ‘to emerge’, ‘to arise’. Structure: Noun + が + Verb (出てくる) Usage: Used when questions, doubts, problems, or unclear points become apparent, are raised, or come up during a discussion, investigation, process, or situation. Examples: 計画を詳しく聞くと、いくつかの疑問点が出てきた。 When I heard the plan in detail, several points of doubt emerged. 彼の説明には矛盾があり、多くの疑問点が出てくる。 There are contradictions in his explanation, and many questions arise. Register/Formality: Neutral. Nuance: ‘Detekuru’ implies that these points naturally emerge or become visible as a result of examination, consideration, or the unfolding of events.のか、ちょっと一緒に掘り下げていきましょうか。
[01:14] 女: はい、ぜひ。
[01:15] 男: まず中心人物×Meaning: Central figure, key person, main person involved, protagonist. Grammar: – Noun. – Composed of 中心 (chuushin – center, core, focus) + 人物 (jinbutsu – person, figure, character). Usage: Refers to the most important person in a particular situation, event, story, group, or organization; the person around whom things revolve. Examples: 彼はそのプロジェクトの中心人物だ。 He is the central figure in that project. 物語の中心人物は若い探偵です。 The central character of the story is a young detective. Register/Formality: Neutral. Alternatives: 主要人物 (shuyou jinbutsu – main/principal figure), 主役 (shuyaku – leading role/actor), 主人公 (shujinkou – protagonist, main character, mainly for fiction). ‘Chuushin jinbutsu’ is broadly applicable to real-life situations and narratives.のパウエル博士。
[01:17] 男: この方はジョンズ・ホプキンス大学で訓練を受けて、ハーバード大学でも教鞭をとった×Meaning: Taught (at an institution like a school or university); held a teaching position. (Past tense). Grammar: – 教鞭 (kyouben): Noun – literally ‘teacher’s pointer’ or ‘whip’, metaphorically means ‘teaching profession’ or ‘teaching position’. – を (wo): Direct object particle. – とる (toru): Verb – ‘to take’, ‘to hold’. – 教鞭をとる (kyouben wo toru): Idiomatic expression meaning ‘to teach’, ‘to work as a teacher/professor’, especially at a higher education institution. – とった (totta): Past tense of とる. Structure: Noun (教鞭) + を + Verb (とる) – Idiomatic Phrase Usage: A formal and somewhat literary expression used to state that someone taught at an educational institution. Examples: 彼は退職するまで大学で教鞭をとった。 He taught at the university until he retired. 多くの著名な学者がこの大学で教鞭をとってきた。 Many famous scholars have taught at this university (over time). Register/Formality: Formal, somewhat literary or traditional-sounding. Alternatives: 教えていた (oshiete ita – was teaching, general term), 勤務していた (kinmu shiteita – was working). ‘Kyouben wo toru’ specifically refers to the act/role of teaching in an academic setting.経験がある と。
[01:24] 女: ええ。
[01:24] 男: 神経精神科医としての、まあ、非常にしっかりした経歴をお持ちですね。
[01:28] 女: そうですね。信頼性は高いと言えるでしょうね。彼女は、えっと、元々は自閉症のお子さんの、あの、サヴァン症候群×Meaning: Savant syndrome. Grammar: – Noun phrase. – サヴァン (savan): Loanword from French/English ‘savant’. – 症候群 (shoukougun): Noun – syndrome. Usage: Refers to a rare condition in which someone with significant mental disabilities, including autistic disorder, demonstrates certain abilities far in excess of average. These abilities are typically focused on specific areas like memory, calculation, music, or art. Examples: 彼はサヴァン症候群で、驚異的な記憶力を持っている。 He has Savant syndrome and possesses an amazing memory. サヴァン症候群の研究は、脳の機能解明に役立つ可能性がある。 Research into Savant syndrome may potentially help elucidate brain function. Register/Formality: Technical/Medical term, neutral formality in relevant contexts. Cultural Context: Often associated with autism in popular culture (e.g., the movie ‘Rain Man’), though it’s important to note that not all individuals with autism have Savant syndrome, and it can occur with other developmental disabilities as well.。
[01:37] 男: ああ、特定の分野で凄い才能を示す。
[01:39] 女: そうです、そうです。それを研究していたんですが、複数の親御さんから、うちの子はサヴァンというより、私の心を読んでるんじゃないかみたいな声が、まあ、寄せられたらしいんです。
[01:51] 男: へえ。
[01:52] 女: それがきっかけでテレパシーの研究の方に進んでいったということですね。
[01:55] 男: なるほど。で、その具体的なケースとして一番詳しく記録されてるのがメキシコ出身のミアという女の子。
[02:03] 男: 12歳で自閉症、話すことはできないと。
[02:07] 女: ええ。
[02:07] 男: ポッドキャストの制作者が、まあ、客観性を保つ×Meaning: To maintain objectivity. Grammar: – 客観性 (kyakkansei): Noun – objectivity (the quality of being based on facts rather than feelings or opinions). Composed of 客観 (kyakkan – objective) + 性 (-sei suffix for nature/property). – を (wo): Direct object particle. – 保つ (tamotsu): Verb – to keep, maintain, preserve, retain. Structure: Noun + を + Verb (保つ) Usage: Refers to the act of remaining impartial, unbiased, and focused on facts when observing, reporting, researching, or making judgments. Crucial in fields like journalism, science, and law. Examples: ジャーナリストは報道において客観性を保つ必要がある。 Journalists need to maintain objectivity in their reporting. 感情的にならず、客観性を保つように努めましょう。 Let’s strive to maintain objectivity and not get emotional. Register/Formality: Neutral to formal. Important concept in professional and academic contexts. Alternatives: 中立性を保つ (chuuritsusei wo tamotsu – to maintain neutrality). ‘Kyakkansei’ emphasizes being fact-based, while ‘chuuritsusei’ emphasizes not taking sides.ためにロサンゼルスで実験をセットアップしたという記録があります。
[02:14] 女: はい。
[02:14] 男: その実験がですね、記録を見ると、かなりその不正を防ぐための手順が、まあ、徹底されてる感じ×Meaning: The feeling/impression that something is thoroughly implemented or strictly enforced. Grammar: – 徹底される (tettei sareru): Passive form of 徹底する (tettei suru – to be thorough, to see through, to enforce strictly). – されてる (sareteru): Colloquial contraction of されている (sarete iru), the continuous passive state (‘is being thoroughly implemented’ or ‘has been thoroughly implemented’). – 感じ (kanji): Noun – feeling, sense, impression. Structure: Verb (passive, continuous, colloquial) + 感じ Usage: A colloquial expression used to convey the speaker’s perception or feeling that rules, procedures, cleaning, checks, etc., were carried out completely, strictly, and without cutting corners. Examples: この会社はルールが徹底されてる感じがする。 I get the feeling that the rules are thoroughly enforced in this company. 掃除が隅々まで徹底されてる感じで、とてもきれいだ。 It feels like the cleaning was done thoroughly into every corner; it’s very clean. Register/Formality: Informal/Colloquial due to ‘sareteru’ and the use of ‘kanji’ to express an impression. Nuance: The ‘kanji’ part adds subjectivity – it’s the speaker’s impression or interpretation rather than a definitive statement that it *was* perfectly thorough.なんですよ。
[02:21] 女: ほう。具体的には？
[02:23] 男: 例えば、目隠し。これはマインドフォールドっていう完全に視覚×Meaning: Vision, the sense of sight. Grammar: – Noun. Usage: Refers to the faculty or ability of seeing. It’s one of the five senses (五感 gokan). Often used in more formal, scientific, or abstract contexts compared to 目 (me – eye) or 見ること (miru koto – the act of seeing). Examples: 視覚は五感の一つです。 Vision is one of the five senses. 事故で彼は視覚を失った。 He lost his vision (sense of sight) in the accident. このデザインは視覚に訴えるものがある。 This design has something that appeals to the sense of sight. Register/Formality: Neutral, can be slightly formal or technical. Alternatives: 視力 (shiryoku – eyesight, visual acuity), 見ること (miru koto – the act of seeing). ‘Shikaku’ refers to the sense or modality itself.をシャットアウトする特殊なもの×Meaning: A special thing; something special/particular/unusual. Grammar: – 特殊 (tokushu): Na-adjective – special, particular, unique, peculiar, specific. – な (na): Connector particle for na-adjectives when modifying a noun. – もの (mono): Noun – thing, object, item (can be tangible or intangible). Structure: Na-adjective + な + Noun (もの) Usage: A general way to refer to an object, item, substance, or even abstract concept that is distinct from ordinary ones, having unique characteristics, purposes, or qualities. The specific nature depends heavily on context. Examples: これは実験に使う特殊なものです。 This is a special item used for experiments. 彼は特殊な訓練を受けた。 He received special training. (Here 特殊な modifies 訓練 kunren ‘training’) Register/Formality: Neutral. Nuance: ‘Mono’ is very vague; ‘tokushu na’ specifies that this ‘thing’ is not ordinary. In this context, it refers to the ‘mindfold’ mentioned just before.を使ったそうで。
[02:29] 女: ああ、特殊な目隠し。
[02:30] 男: ええ。あとは障壁×Meaning: Barrier, obstacle, partition, wall. Grammar: – Noun. Usage: Can refer to a physical barrier, like a wall, screen, fence, or partition that blocks passage or view. Can also refer to a metaphorical obstacle or hindrance, such as a communication barrier (コミュニケーションの障壁), psychological barrier (心理的な障壁), or trade barrier (貿易障壁). In this context, it likely refers to a physical partition used in the experiment. Examples: 二つの部屋の間に障壁が設けられた。 A barrier was set up between the two rooms. 言語の障壁を乗り越えるのは難しい。 It’s difficult to overcome the language barrier. Register/Formality: Neutral to slightly formal. Alternatives: 壁 (kabe – wall), 仕切り (shikiri – partition, often temporary or less solid), 障害 (shougai – obstacle, hindrance, often more abstract or relating to disability). ‘Shouheki’ often implies something significant that blocks or separates.を立てたり、乱数発生器×Meaning: Random number generator (RNG). Grammar: – Noun phrase. – 乱数 (ransuu): Noun – random number. – 発生 (hassei): Noun – generation, occurrence, outbreak. – 器 (ki): Suffix – device, instrument, apparatus, container. Structure: Noun (乱数) + Noun (発生) + Suffix (器) Usage: Refers to a device (hardware) or algorithm (software) designed to produce a sequence of numbers or symbols that lack any pattern, i.e., appear random. Used in computing, statistics, experiments, games, etc., to ensure unpredictability or fairness. Examples: コンピュータープログラムで乱数発生器が使われている。 A random number generator is used in the computer program. 実験の公平性を保つために乱数発生器を用いた。 We used a random number generator to maintain the fairness of the experiment. Register/Formality: Technical term, neutral formality in relevant contexts.、3桁の数字が出るやつですね、それを使ったり、部屋に反射するようなものを置かないとか、あと独立した通訳者をちゃんと同席させるとか。
[02:42] 女: なるほど。勘繰れうる×Meaning: Can be suspected; susceptible to suspicion; potentially inviting suspicion. (Interpreted from context, possibly 勘繰られうる kangurare-uru). Grammar: – Based on 勘繰る (kanguru): Verb – to suspect (often wrongly or excessively), to read too much into something. – 勘繰られる (kangurareru): Passive form – to be suspected. – うる/える (uru/eru): Potential auxiliary suffix (classical/modern ‘uru’, modern ‘eru’, often written as 得る), meaning ‘can’, ‘possible’. Added to the verb stem. – 勘繰られうる (kangurare-uru): Can be suspected. Structure: Verb (passive stem) + うる/える Usage: Describes something (like an action, situation, or ambiguity) that might cause others to become suspicious or assume hidden motives, often without good reason. Used here to refer to potential loopholes or aspects of the experiment that could make skeptical people suspect cheating or flaws. Examples: 彼の行動は勘繰られうるものだった。 His actions were such that they could invite suspicion. 誤解を招かないよう、勘繰られうる言動は避けるべきだ。 To avoid misunderstandings, one should avoid words and actions that could potentially be suspected (of having hidden meanings). Register/Formality: Neutral to slightly formal. Nuance: ‘Kanguru’ itself often implies suspicion that is unfounded, speculative, or overly imaginative. ‘Kangurare-uru’ suggests the potential for such suspicion to arise.その抜け穴×Meaning: Loophole, way of evasion, gap (in rules or security), secret passage. Grammar: – Noun. – Composed of 抜け (nuke – noun form of 抜ける nukeru, to pass through, escape, be missing) + 穴 (ana – hole). Usage: Refers to a flaw, oversight, or ambiguity in rules, laws, systems, contracts, or security measures that allows someone to bypass them or achieve an unintended result. Can also literally mean an escape route or secret passage. Here, it refers to potential flaws in the experimental design that could allow for cheating or alternative explanations. Examples: 法律の抜け穴を利用して税金を逃れた。 He evaded taxes by using a loophole in the law. システムの抜け穴を塞ぐ必要がある。 We need to close the loopholes in the system. Register/Formality: Neutral. Alternatives: 欠陥 (kekkan – defect, flaw), 不備 (fubi – inadequacy, imperfection, deficiency). ‘Nukeana’ specifically suggests a way ‘through’ or ‘around’ the intended constraints.みたいなものをできるだけ塞ごうとした×Meaning: Tried to close/block/plug up. Grammar: – 塞ぐ (fusagu): Verb – to close, block, stop up, plug, obstruct. – 塞ごう (fusagou): Volitional form of 塞ぐ (‘let’s close’, ‘will close’, expressing intent). – とした (to shita): Grammar pattern (Volitional form + と + する suru, past tense した shita) meaning ‘tried to do X’, ‘attempted to do X’. Structure: Verb (volitional form) + とした Usage: Expresses an attempt or effort made to perform the action of the verb (塞ぐ – to close/block). It focuses on the intention and the action taken, not necessarily on the success of the action. Examples: 彼はドアの隙間を塞ごうとした。 He tried to block the gap in the door. 問題の発生源を塞ごうとしたが、うまくいかなかった。 I tried to stop (block off) the source of the problem, but it didn’t go well. Register/Formality: Neutral. Nuance: This grammatical form V-(y)ou to suru emphasizes the effort and intention behind an action, especially when the outcome might be uncertain or unsuccessful.わけですね。
[02:47] 男: そういう意図がうかがえます×Meaning: One can glimpse/sense/infer the intention. Grammar: – 意図 (ito): Noun – intention, aim, purpose, design. – が (ga): Subject marker particle. – うかがえます (ukagaemasu): Polite potential form (-masu form of うかがえる ukagaeru). うかがう (ukagau) has several meanings, including ‘to inquire’, ‘to visit’ (humble), and ‘to perceive’, ‘to get a hint of’, ‘to infer’. うかがえる (ukagaeru) is the potential form, ‘can perceive/infer’. Structure: Noun + が + Verb (potential, polite form) Usage: Used to express that someone’s underlying intention, purpose, or feeling can be subtly perceived, guessed, or inferred from their actions, words, the situation, or evidence, even if not stated explicitly. It implies discerning something that is not immediately obvious. Examples: 彼の言葉の端々から不満の意図がうかがえます。 One can sense an intention of dissatisfaction from the fragments of his words (lit. ‘from the edges of his words’). その計画からは、コスト削減の意図がうかがえます。 From that plan, one can infer the intention to reduce costs. Register/Formality: Polite/Formal. うかがう itself is a humble/polite verb, and the -masu form adds politeness. Alternatives: 意図が見える (ito ga mieru – the intention is visible), 意図が感じられる (ito ga kanjirareru – the intention can be felt). ‘Ukagaeru’ suggests a more subtle or indirect perception/inference.ね。
[02:48] 男: で、実験の内容もいくつかあるんですが、
[02:51] 女: ええ。
[02:51] 男: 例えば、お母さんが念じた3桁の乱数×Meaning: The 3-digit random number that the mother mentally projected/concentrated on. Grammar: – お母さん (okaasan): Noun – mother (polite). – が (ga): Subject marker particle indicating the actor (mother). – 念じた (nenjita): Past tense of 念じる (nenjiru) – ‘to have in mind’, ‘to concentrate one’s mind on’, ‘to mentally project’, ‘to pray for’. In this context, it implies focusing mentally on the number, possibly for telepathic transmission. – 3桁 (sanketa): Noun – three digits (三 san ‘three’ + 桁 keta ‘digit’). – の (no): Particle connecting ‘3桁’ (modifier) to ‘乱数’ (noun). – 乱数 (ransuu): Noun – random number. Structure: (Subject + が + Verb (past)) modifying (Noun phrase (modifier + の + Noun)). The clause ‘お母さんが念じた’ describes which ‘3桁の乱数’ it is. Usage: Specifically describes the target item in the experiment, highlighting both its nature (3-digit random number) and the method of supposed transmission (mentally projected/focused on by the mother). Examples: 彼が念じた言葉が相手に伝わった。 The words he mentally projected were conveyed to the other person. 彼女は合格を強く念じた。 She strongly wished for/concentrated her mind on passing the exam. Register/Formality: Neutral language describing the experiment. Nuance: The verb ‘nenjiru’ is key here, strongly suggesting a mental, possibly psychic, effort rather than just ‘thinking of’ (考える kangaeru) or ‘remembering’ (覚えている oboeteiru).をミヤが当てるっていうテスト。
[02:56] 女: はいはい。
[02:56] 男: これ20回以上やったらしいんですが、報告によると、なんと100%の正答率だったと。
[03:02] 女: 100%ですか？
[03:03] 男: ええ。
[03:04] 女: それはちょっと偶然では、まあ、片付けられない×Meaning: Cannot be dismissed as mere coincidence/chance; cannot be explained away simply as coincidence. Grammar: – 偶然 (guuzen): Noun – coincidence, chance, accident. – では (de wa): Particle combination indicating reason or basis (‘as’, ‘by’). – まあ (maa): Adverb – ‘well’, ‘perhaps’, filler word indicating slight hesitation or softening the statement. – 片付けられない (katadzukerarenai): Negative potential form of 片付ける (katadzukeru). 片付ける means ‘to tidy up’, ‘put away’, but also ‘to settle (a matter)’, ‘to dispose of’, ‘to finish off’. In this context, (〜で)片付ける means ‘to dismiss as ~’, ‘to conclude it is merely ~’. Therefore, 片付けられない means ‘cannot be dismissed as’. Structure: Noun + では + (まあ) + Verb (negative potential form) Usage: An expression used when a result, event, or pattern is so striking, unusual, or statistically improbable that attributing it solely to random chance seems inadequate or unreasonable. Examples: 彼の成功は、単なる偶然では片付けられない。 His success cannot be dismissed as mere coincidence. こんなに何度も同じことが起こるのは、偶然では片付けられないだろう。 For the same thing to happen this many times, it probably can’t be dismissed as coincidence. Register/Formality: Neutral, can be slightly informal with ‘maa’. Alternatives: 偶然とは考えにくい (guuzen to wa kangaenikui – hard to think of as coincidence), 偶然では説明できない (guuzen de wa setsumei dekinai – cannot be explained by coincidence). ‘Katadzukerarenai’ carries a nuance of ‘cannot just wrap it up and label it as…’数字ですね。
[03:09] 男: ですよね。驚きです。
[03:10] 女: ええ。さらにその目隠しをしたままで、色付きのアイスキャンディーの棒を渡されて、同じ色の棒が集められてある場所に正確に置くことができたという記録も。
[03:20] 男: 目隠ししてるのに、ですか？
[03:22] 女: そうなんです。これも、まあ、視覚以外の情報伝達×Meaning: Information transmission, communication of information, conveyance of information. Grammar: – Noun. – Composed of 情報 (jouhou – information, data, news) + 伝達 (dentatsu – transmission, communication, conveyance, delivery). Usage: Refers to the process of conveying or passing information from a source to a recipient. It’s a general term covering various methods and contexts of information transfer. Examples: インターネットは迅速な情報伝達を可能にした。 The internet enabled rapid information transmission. 正確な情報伝達が重要です。 Accurate information transmission is important. このシステムはデータ情報伝達に使われる。 This system is used for data information transmission. Register/Formality: Neutral to slightly formal. Common in technical, business, communication, and academic contexts. Alternatives: コミュニケーション (komyunikeeshon – communication, loanword, broader), 連絡 (renraku – contact, communication, often for practical messages), 通信 (tsuushin – communication, often technical/telecommunications). ‘Jouhou dentatsu’ focuses specifically on the transfer of ‘information’ content.があったんじゃないかって話ですよね。
[03:27] 男: うーん。本を使ったテストもあったんですよね。
[03:30] 女: はい。ミヤからは見えないように、お母さんが無作為に×Meaning: Randomly, at random, without specific selection or order. Grammar: – Adverbial form. – 無作為 (musakui): Noun or Na-adjective stem – randomness, absence of intention/artifice. (無 mu ‘non-‘ + 作為 sakui ‘intention, artifice’). – に (ni): Adverbial particle, makes 無作為 function as an adverb modifying a verb (like 開く hiraku ‘to open’). Usage: Describes an action performed without a specific plan, purpose, selection criteria, or conscious choice; done by chance or arbitrarily from a set of possibilities. Often used in statistics, sampling, experiments, or casual actions. Examples: 参加者はリストから無作為に選ばれた。 Participants were chosen randomly from the list. 彼は本棚から無作為に一冊の本を取り出した。 He took out a book at random from the bookshelf. Register/Formality: Neutral to formal. Alternatives: ランダムに (randamu ni – randomly, common loanword), でたらめに (detarame ni – haphazardly, randomly, can imply carelessness), 適当に (tekitou ni – appropriately / *or* randomly/carelessly depending on context). ‘Musakui ni’ specifically emphasizes the lack of deliberate selection or bias.本を開いて、そのページ番号とか、あるいは特定の単語とかをミヤが正確に言い当てた×Meaning: Guessed correctly, said accurately, hit the mark (with words). (Past tense). Grammar: – Compound verb, past tense. – 言う (iu): Verb – to say, tell. – 当てる (ateru): Verb – to hit (a target), be correct, guess right. – 言い当てる (iiateru): Compound verb – to guess correctly, state accurately something unknown. – 言い当てた (iiateta): Past tense of 言い当てる. Usage: Used when someone correctly states or identifies something that was unknown to them or hidden, such as an answer to a question, a secret, someone’s thoughts, or a specific item chosen randomly. Examples: 彼は私の考えていることを言い当てた。 He guessed correctly what I was thinking. クイズの答えを全部言い当てた。 I guessed all the quiz answers correctly. 彼女はカードの色を言い当てた。 She correctly stated the color of the card. Register/Formality: Neutral. Nuance: Implies not just guessing (推測する suisoku suru), but guessing *correctly* and stating it. It emphasizes the accuracy of the statement about the unknown element. と。
[03:41] 男: これもまたすごい精度×Meaning: Accuracy, precision, degree of exactness. Grammar: – Noun. Usage: Refers to the quality or state of being accurate, correct, exact, or precise. It’s used to evaluate how close a measurement, calculation, statement, prediction, or action is to the true or intended value. Applicable in various fields like science, engineering, statistics, shooting, etc. Examples: この機械は高い精度で部品を作る。 This machine makes parts with high precision. 彼の予測は驚くべき精度だった。 His prediction had surprising accuracy. GPSの精度は向上している。 The accuracy of GPS is improving. Register/Formality: Neutral to formal. Common in technical, scientific, and evaluative contexts. Alternatives: 正確さ (seikakusa – accuracy, exactness, more general term), 精密さ (seimitsusa – precision, fineness, often used for intricate mechanical things or detailed work). ‘Seido’ is very common for the degree of correctness or closeness to a target value.ですね。
[03:42] 女: ええ、本当に。
[03:44] 男: ただ、ここで、あの、興味深いというか、注目すべき点があって。
[03:49] 女: と言いますと？
[03:50] 男: お父さんと同じようなテストをやった時には、ミヤは数字とか単語を当てることができなかったと記録されてるんです。
[03:58] 女: ああ、なるほど。お母さんとはできたけど、お父さんとはできなかった。
[04:03] 男: そうなんです。
[04:04] 女: それはつまり、この現象×Meaning: Phenomenon (an observable fact, occurrence, or event). Grammar: – Noun. Usage: Refers to any event, occurrence, or fact that can be observed or perceived, especially one that is unusual, remarkable, or requires explanation. Can be natural (自然現象 shizen genshou), physical (物理現象 butsuri genshou), social (社会現象 shakai genshou), psychological (心理現象 shinri genshou), etc. Examples: 虹は自然現象の一つです。 A rainbow is one type of natural phenomenon. 科学者たちはその奇妙な現象を研究している。 Scientists are studying that strange phenomenon. Register/Formality: Neutral. Widely used in scientific, academic, and general contexts. Nuance: Often implies something noteworthy or requiring investigation, rather than everyday occurrences (though it can refer to those too).が誰とでも起こるわけじゃなくて、特定の、なんていうか、強い繋がり、もしかしたら感情的な、心理的な要素×Meaning: Psychological factor(s)/element(s). Grammar: – 心理的 (shinriteki): Na-adjective – psychological, mental. (心理 shinri ‘psychology, mentality’ + 的 teki suffix ‘-ic, -al’). – な (na): Connector particle for na-adjectives modifying nouns. – 要素 (youso): Noun – element, factor, component, constituent. Structure: Na-adjective + な + Noun Usage: Refers to aspects or components related to the mind, emotions, thoughts, motivations, attitudes, and behavior that influence a situation, outcome, or phenomenon. Examples: スポーツ選手の成績には心理的な要素が大きい。 Psychological factors are significant in athletes’ performance. 交渉においては、相手の心理的な要素を読むことが重要だ。 In negotiations, it’s important to read the other party’s psychological factors. その決断には、いくつかの心理的な要素が影響した。 Several psychological elements influenced that decision. Register/Formality: Neutral to formal. Common in psychology, sociology, analysis, and discussions about human behavior. Alternatives: 精神的な要素 (seishinteki na youso – mental/spiritual element). ‘Shinriteki’ is the standard term corresponding to ‘psychological’ in English.が関係してる可能性を示唆してる×Meaning: Suggests, implies, hints at, indicates. Grammar: – 示唆する (shisa suru): Verb – to suggest, imply, hint. (示唆 shisa ‘suggestion, implication’ + する suru ‘to do’). – してる (shiteru): Colloquial contraction of している (shite iru), the present continuous or resulting state form (‘is suggesting’ or ‘suggests’). Structure: Noun + を (often omitted) + Verb (示唆する in continuous colloquial form) Usage: Used when something (like data, behavior, a situation, a remark) points towards a possibility, conclusion, or meaning indirectly, without stating it explicitly or proving it conclusively. Examples: そのデータは景気回復の兆しを示唆している。 That data suggests signs of economic recovery. 彼の態度は、彼が何か隠していることを示唆していた。 His attitude implied that he was hiding something. この結果は何を私たちに示唆しているのでしょうか。 What might this result be suggesting to us? Register/Formality: The verb stem 示唆する is neutral to formal, but the ‘shiteru’ ending makes this specific instance informal/colloquial. The polite formal equivalent is 示唆しています (shisa shiteimasu). Nuance: ‘Shisa suru’ implies an indirect indication, often leaving room for interpretation, weaker than stating directly (述べる noberu) or showing clearly (示す shimesu).のかもしれないですね。
[04:16] 男: うーん。単なる物理現象×Meaning: Physical phenomenon. Grammar: – Noun phrase. – 物理 (butsuri): Noun – physics. – 現象 (genshou): Noun – phenomenon. Usage: An event, occurrence, or process that can be described by the laws of physics, involving matter, energy, force, motion, etc. Often used to distinguish from biological, chemical, social, psychological, or possibly paranormal phenomena. Examples: 虹はよく知られた物理現象です。 Rainbows are a well-known physical phenomenon. 科学者たちは未知の物理現象を研究している。 Scientists are researching unknown physical phenomena. 雷は電気的な物理現象だ。 Lightning is an electrical physical phenomenon. Register/Formality: Neutral to formal. Common in scientific and educational contexts. Alternatives: 自然現象 (shizen genshou – natural phenomenon, broader category). ‘Butsuri genshou’ specifically relates to the realm of physics.では説明つかないような。
[04:20] 女: ええ。何か複雑な要因×Meaning: Complex factor(s); complicated cause(s)/element(s). Grammar: – 複雑 (fukuzatsu): Na-adjective – complex, complicated, intricate. – な (na): Connector particle for na-adjectives modifying nouns. – 要因 (youin): Noun – factor, primary cause, main factor (often one of multiple contributing elements). Structure: Na-adjective + な + Noun Usage: Refers to multiple interconnected, intricate, or difficult-to-understand elements that contribute to a situation, problem, or outcome, making it hard to analyze or resolve simply. Examples: 事件の背景には複雑な要因が絡み合っている。 Complex factors are intertwined in the background of the incident. 経済変動は様々な複雑な要因によって引き起こされる。 Economic fluctuations are caused by various complex factors. 成功には運だけでなく、多くの複雑な要因が関係している。 Success involves not only luck but also many complex factors. Register/Formality: Neutral. Alternatives: 込み入った事情 (komiitta jijou – complicated circumstances), 様々な理由 (samazama na riyuu – various reasons). ‘Fukuzatsu na youin’ specifically emphasizes the intricacy and multiplicity of the contributing causes or elements.がありそうですね。
[04:23] 男: その実験に立ち会った人たちの反応も記録されてますね。
[04:26] 男: 最初は疑ってたカメラマンとか通訳者も、
[04:30] 女: はい。
[04:30] 男: 目の前で起こったことを見て、もう信じざるを得ない×Meaning: Cannot help but believe; have no choice but to believe; be compelled/forced to believe. Grammar: – Idiomatic expression. – 信じる (shinjiru): Verb – to believe. – Verb stem 信じ (shinji-) + ざるを得ない (zaru wo enai). – ざる (zaru): Classical negative auxiliary verb ending (equivalent to modern ない nai), used only in specific grammar patterns like this. – を (wo): Particle (part of the idiom). – 得ない (enai): Negative potential form of 得る (eru – to get, obtain, be able to). In this idiom, it means ‘cannot help but do’. Structure: Verb stem + ざるを得ない (zaru wo enai) Usage: Expresses reluctant acceptance or an unavoidable conclusion. It’s used when circumstances, evidence, or overwhelming experience force someone to believe or accept something, often contrary to their initial inclination or skepticism. Examples: 証拠を見ては、彼が犯人だと信じざるを得ない。 Seeing the evidence, I can’t help but believe he is the culprit. これだけの偶然が重なると、運命を信じざるを得ない。 When this many coincidences pile up, one cannot help but believe in fate. Register/Formality: Neutral to slightly formal. A common and useful expression. Common Mistakes: Remember the structure: Verb stem (not infinitive) + ‘zaru wo enai’. For ‘suru’ verbs, the stem is ‘se-‘, e.g., 賛成せざるを得ない (sansei sezaru wo enai – have no choice but to agree).と。そういう風に語ったとあります。
[04:36] 女: ええ。情報源では、その観察者×Meaning: Observer; person who observes. Grammar: – Noun. – Composed of 観察 (kansatsu – observation, survey, watching) + 者 (sha – suffix meaning ‘person who does ~’). Usage: A person who watches, monitors, or observes something or someone, often carefully or for a specific purpose (like an experiment, event, or behavior). Examples: 実験の様子は多くの観察者によって記録された。 The progress of the experiment was recorded by many observers. 彼は事件の唯一の観察者だった。 He was the sole observer of the incident. 野鳥観察者は双眼鏡を使う。 Bird watchers (observers) use binoculars. Register/Formality: Neutral to formal. Alternatives: 目撃者 (mokugekisha – eyewitness, esp. for incidents/crimes), 見物人 (kenbutsunin – spectator, onlooker, often implies more casual viewing), 傍観者 (boukansha – bystander, onlooker, often implies passivity). ‘Kansatsusha’ suggests more focused or purposeful watching, often in a neutral or scientific capacity.に与えたインパクトの強さみたいなものが強調されてますね。家族自身も最初は信じられなくて怖さもあったみたいですけど。
[04:46] 男: はあ、そうなんですね。
[04:47] 女: でも、ミヤ本人にとっては、お母さんとのそのテレパシー的なコミュニケーションは贈り物で、より美しい方法なんだと感じてるという言葉も伝えられています。当事者の感覚としては非常にポジティブなものなんですね。
[05:02] 男: なるほど。贈り物ですか。
[05:05] 男: 一方で、科学的なアプローチとして、QEEG、定量的脳波図×Meaning: Quantitative Electroencephalogram (qEEG). Grammar: – Noun phrase. – 定量的 (teiryouteki): Adjective (na-type stem) – quantitative (relating to measuring quantity). (定量 teiryou ‘fixed quantity’ + 的 teki suffix). – 脳波 (nouha): Noun – brain waves, electroencephalogram (EEG). (脳 nou ‘brain’ + 波 ha/pa ‘wave’). – 図 (zu): Noun – diagram, chart, map, drawing. Usage: A medical/neuroscientific term referring to the method of analyzing electroencephalography (EEG) data using mathematical and statistical techniques. It often involves computer processing to create visual maps (diagrams) of brain electrical activity, allowing for quantitative assessment of brain function. Examples: 定量的脳波図は、脳機能の評価に用いられる。 Quantitative EEG is used for evaluating brain function. 彼の研究では、定量的脳波図を用いて被験者の脳活動を測定した。 In his research, he measured subjects’ brain activity using quantitative EEG. Register/Formality: Technical/Medical term, formal in relevant contexts.による脳スキャンも試みられたんですね。
[05:12] 女: ええ、そうなんです。そのテレパシーとされるやり取りをしてる最中に、お母さんとミヤ、双方の脳活動×Meaning: Brain activity of both parties/sides. Grammar: – 双方 (souhou): Noun – both parties, both sides, mutual. – の (no): Possessive particle (‘of’). – 脳活動 (noukatsudou): Noun – brain activity. (脳 nou ‘brain’ + 活動 katsudou ‘activity’). Structure: Noun (双方) + の + Noun (脳活動) Usage: Refers specifically to the neurological activity occurring within the brains of two individuals simultaneously, often measured during some form of interaction, shared task, or comparison. Examples: 対話中の二人の脳活動には相関が見られた。 Correlation was seen in the brain activity of the two people during the conversation. 研究者は、課題遂行中の双方の脳活動を比較した。 The researchers compared the brain activity of both parties while performing the task. Register/Formality: Neutral to formal. Common in scientific contexts, particularly neuroscience. Alternatives: 両者の脳活動 (ryousha no noukatsudou – brain activity of both persons). ‘Souhou’ and ‘Ryousha’ are very similar; ‘souhou’ might sound slightly more formal or technical.が増加する傾向×Meaning: Tendency, trend, inclination, disposition. Grammar: – Noun. Usage: Refers to a general direction, pattern, drift, or disposition observed in data, behavior, events, or characteristics over time or across a group. It indicates a likelihood or prevailing pattern rather than a certainty or absolute rule. Examples: 最近、若者の間で読書離れの傾向がある。 Recently, there is a tendency among young people to move away from reading. データは株価が上昇傾向にあることを示している。 The data indicates that stock prices are on an upward trend. 彼は物事を悲観的に考える傾向がある。 He has a tendency to think pessimistically about things. Register/Formality: Neutral. Widely used in various contexts, including analysis, social commentary, and scientific observation. Nuance: Indicates a general pattern or likelihood, not a definite outcome. Often used with verbs like 〜が見られる (ga mirareru – is seen), 〜がある (ga aru – there is), 〜を示す (wo shimesu – indicates).が見られたと。まあ、予備的な×Meaning: Preliminary, preparatory, reserve, spare. Grammar: – Na-adjective. – 予備 (yobi): Noun – preparation, precaution, reserve, spare. – 的 (teki): Suffix forming na-adjectives, meaning ‘-ic’, ‘-al’, ‘-ary’. Usage: Describes something that is done, prepared, or gathered in advance, often as a precursor to a main activity, study, or analysis. It suggests something is not final or complete yet. ‘Preliminary data/results’ implies findings that need further confirmation. ‘Preparatory meeting’ means a meeting before the main one. Examples: これはまだ予備的な調査結果です。 These are still preliminary research findings. 本格的な交渉の前に予備的な話し合いが行われた。 Preliminary discussions were held before the main negotiations. 予備的な知識として知っておくと良い。 It’s good to know as preparatory knowledge. Register/Formality: Neutral to formal. Common in research, planning, project management, and academic contexts. Alternatives: 事前の (jizen no – advance, prior), 仮の (kari no – temporary, provisional). ‘Yobiteki na’ specifically emphasizes the initial, preparatory, or non-final nature.データではあるんですが。
[05:24] 男: 脳の活動に何かその特異なパターンとか相関×Meaning: Correlation (a mutual relationship or connection between two or more things). Grammar: – Noun. – Can be used as a verb by adding する (suru): 相関する (soukan suru) – to correlate. Usage: Refers to a statistical relationship or interdependence between two or more variables, where changes in one tend to be associated with changes in the other(s). It indicates association, but not necessarily causation. Commonly used in statistics, science, research, and data analysis. Examples: 喫煙と肺がんの間には強い相関がある。 There is a strong correlation between smoking and lung cancer. 二つのデータセットの相関を分析した。 We analyzed the correlation between the two datasets. 身長と体重には正の相関が見られる。 A positive correlation is seen between height and weight. Register/Formality: Neutral to formal. Standard term in analytical and scientific fields. Nuance: Important statistical concept: Correlation shows association, but does not prove that one variable causes the other. There might be a third factor involved, or the relationship could be coincidental.が見えるかという試み×Meaning: Attempt, trial, try, experiment. Grammar: – Noun. – Derived from the verb 試みる (kokoromiru – to try, attempt, test). Usage: Refers to the act of trying or attempting something, often something new, experimental, challenging, or uncertain. It focuses on the effort made. Examples: 新しい方法での解決を試みた。 (Verb form) I attempted a solution using a new method. 彼の試みは成功しなかったが、価値あるものだった。 (Noun form) His attempt did not succeed, but it was valuable. これは初めての試みです。 (Noun form) This is the first attempt/trial. Register/Formality: Neutral. Can sound slightly more formal or literary than やってみること (yatte miru koto – the act of trying out). Alternatives: 挑戦 (chousen – challenge, attempt at something difficult), 実験 (jikken – experiment), トライ (torai – try, attempt, loanword). ‘Kokoromi’ is a general noun for the act of attempting.ですね。
[05:29] 女: そういうことです。
[05:30] 女: しかし、ここが非常にあの重要な点なんですけど、
[05:33] 男: はい。
[05:34] 女: パウエル博士自身が、これら の実験結果、まあ、どんなに厳密にやった×Meaning: Did rigorously / strictly / precisely / meticulously. Grammar: – 厳密 (genmitsu): Na-adjective – rigorous, strict, precise, exact, meticulous. – に (ni): Adverbial particle, turning the na-adjective into an adverb modifying the verb. – やった (yatta): Colloquial past tense of やる (yaru – to do). Formal equivalents include 行った (okonatta) or した (shita). Structure: Na-adjective + に + Verb (past, colloquial) Usage: Describes an action performed with great care, adhering strictly to rules, procedures, or standards, leaving no room for error or ambiguity. It emphasizes thoroughness and precision. Examples: データは厳密に分析された。 (More formal passive: 分析されました bunseki saremashita) The data was rigorously analyzed. 彼は指示通り厳密にやった。 He did it strictly according to the instructions. 時間を厳密に守ってください。 (Imperative, using formal verb stem) Please adhere strictly to the time. Register/Formality: The adverb 厳密に (genmitsu ni) itself is neutral to formal, but the verb やった (yatta) is informal/colloquial. This combination is common in conversation but would likely use a more formal verb like 行った (okonatta) or しました (shimashita) in formal writing or speech. Common Mistakes: Note the potential mismatch in formality between ‘genmitsu ni’ and ‘yatta’ if used in a very formal context.つもりでも、今の科学界×Meaning: The scientific community; the world of science. Grammar: – Noun. – Composed of 科学 (kagaku – science) + 界 (kai – world, realm, community, circle, boundary). Usage: Refers collectively to the community of scientists, researchers, scientific institutions, journals, and the established norms, practices, methods, and standards within the fields of science. Examples: その発見は科学界に衝撃を与えた。 That discovery sent shockwaves through the scientific community. 彼は科学界で高く評価されている。 He is highly regarded in the scientific world. 新しい理論が科学界で議論されている。 A new theory is being debated in the scientific community. Register/Formality: Neutral to formal. Alternatives: 学界 (gakkai – academic world/community, includes humanities and social sciences as well as natural sciences), 学術界 (gakujutsukai – academic/scholarly world). ‘Kagakukai’ specifically refers to the realm of natural and sometimes social sciences.の基準×Meaning: Standard(s), criterion/criteria, benchmark, basis (for judgment or comparison). Grammar: – Noun. Usage: A principle, rule, level of quality, or model that is used for judging something, making a decision, or measuring quality or performance. It serves as a point of reference. Examples: 製品が安全基準を満たしているか確認してください。 Please check if the product meets safety standards. 採用の基準は何ですか？ What are the criteria for hiring? 評価基準を明確にする必要がある。 It’s necessary to clarify the evaluation criteria. Register/Formality: Neutral. Widely used in many contexts. Alternatives: 標準 (hyoujun – standard, norm, average level), 規格 (kikaku – standard, specification, often for industrial products), 水準 (suijun – level, standard, often regarding quality or achievement). ‘Kijun’ is very common for the rules or points used for evaluation or judgment.ではおそらく受け入れられないだろう と。そう認識してるんですね。
[05:44] 男: ああ、博士自身が。
[05:45] 女: ええ。主流の科学×Meaning: Mainstream science; the dominant or widely accepted scientific theories, methods, and paradigms. Grammar: – Noun phrase. – 主流 (shuryuu): Noun – mainstream, main current, dominant trend. – の (no): Possessive/connecting particle. – 科学 (kagaku): Noun – science. Structure: Noun + の + Noun Usage: Refers to the body of scientific knowledge, theories, practices, and methodologies that are currently accepted by the majority of experts within the scientific community. Often used in contrast to ‘fringe science’, ‘alternative science’, or emerging/unconventional theories. Examples: 彼の理論はまだ主流の科学には受け入れられていない。 His theory has not yet been accepted by mainstream science. 主流の科学は、実験による検証を重視する。 Mainstream science emphasizes verification through experiments. Register/Formality: Neutral to formal. Nuance: Implies the prevailing, established, or conventional approach within the scientific field at a given time.、特に物質主義×Meaning: Materialism (philosophical stance). Grammar: – Noun. – Composed of 物質 (busshitsu – matter, substance, material) + 主義 (shugi – principle, doctrine, ‘-ism’). Usage: In philosophy and science, this refers to the view that only physical matter and its properties and interactions constitute reality. It posits that consciousness, mind, thoughts, and spirit are either byproducts of physical processes (like brain activity) or illusions, and do not exist independently of the physical world. Contrasted with idealism, dualism, etc. Examples: 物質主義の立場からは、精神世界の存在は否定される。 From the standpoint of materialism, the existence of a spiritual world is denied. 彼は唯物論（物質主義）的な世界観を持っている。 He has a materialistic worldview. (Note: 唯物論 yuibutsuron is often used as a synonym). Register/Formality: Formal. A term used in philosophy, science studies, and related intellectual discussions. Cultural Context: While ‘materialism’ in everyday English can also mean excessive focus on possessions and wealth, ‘busshitsu shugi’ in Japanese primarily refers to the philosophical concept about the nature of reality, especially in academic or serious contexts like this one.、つまり測定可能な物理的な相互作用×Meaning: Interaction; reciprocal action; interplay. Grammar: – Noun. – Can be used as a verb by adding する (suru): 相互作用する (sougo sayou suru) – to interact. – Composed of 相互 (sougo – mutual, reciprocal) + 作用 (sayou – action, effect, function, operation). Usage: Refers to the process where two or more things (objects, particles, people, systems, variables, etc.) have an effect on each other. It implies a two-way influence or relationship. Common term in physics, chemistry, biology, sociology, computer science, etc. Examples: 分子間の相互作用を研究する。 To research interactions between molecules. 人間関係における相互作用は複雑だ。 Interaction in human relationships is complex. 薬物相互作用に注意が必要だ。 Attention must be paid to drug interactions. Register/Formality: Neutral to formal. Standard term in scientific, technical, and academic contexts. Alternatives: 影響し合う (eikyou shiau – to influence each other), 関わり合い (kakawariai – involvement, connection, relationship). ‘Sougo sayou’ specifically emphasizes the reciprocal actions or effects.だけを現実と認める×Meaning: To recognize as reality; to acknowledge as real; to accept as actual. Grammar: – 現実 (genjitsu): Noun – reality, actuality, the real world. – と (to): Particle marking the result or content of recognition/judgment (‘as’). – 認める (mitomeru): Verb – to recognize, acknowledge, admit, accept, approve. Structure: Noun (Object) + を (optional/implied) + Noun (現実) + と + Verb (認める). Often: A を B と認める (mitomeru A as B). Here, ‘measurable physical interactions’ (A) are recognized ‘as reality’ (B). Usage: Means to accept or acknowledge something as being real, true, valid, or factual, often implying it aligns with one’s understanding of what constitutes reality. Examples: 彼は自分の間違いを事実と認めた。 He acknowledged his mistake as a fact. 社会は多様な価値観を現実と認めるべきだ。 Society should recognize diverse values as reality. 夢ではなく、これが現実だと認めなければならない。 I have to accept that this is reality, not a dream. Register/Formality: Neutral. Nuance: ‘Mitomeru’ implies a conscious act of acceptance or validation, sometimes overcoming previous denial or doubt.っていう立場からすると、こういう現象は説明がまあ極めて難しい。
[05:57] 男: うーん。科学的な事実×Meaning: Scientific fact(s). Grammar: – 科学的 (kagakuteki): Na-adjective – scientific. – な (na): Connector particle for na-adjectives modifying nouns. – 事実 (jijitsu): Noun – fact, truth, reality. Structure: Na-adjective + な + Noun Usage: Refers to a statement, piece of information, or observation that is considered objectively true and verifiable based on the principles and methods of science (e.g., empirical evidence, experimentation, peer review). Contrasted with opinions, beliefs, hypotheses, or anecdotes. Examples: 地球が丸いことは科学的な事実だ。 It is a scientific fact that the Earth is round. その主張はまだ科学的な事実として認められていない。 That claim has not yet been recognized as scientific fact. 科学的な事実は、感情ではなく証拠に基づいているべきだ。 Scientific facts should be based on evidence, not emotion. Register/Formality: Neutral to formal. Alternatives: 科学的真実 (kagakuteki shinjitsu – scientific truth). ‘Jijitsu’ (fact) generally refers to specific, verifiable pieces of information. として認められるには、もっと厳格で、誰がやっても同じ結果が出る、再現可能な証明×Meaning: Reproducible proof/evidence/demonstration. Grammar: – 再現可能 (saigen kanou): Na-adjective (or Noun + na) – reproducible, repeatable. (再現 saigen ‘reproduction, reappearance, reenactment’ + 可能 kanou ‘possible’). – な (na): Connector particle for na-adjectives modifying nouns. – 証明 (shoumei): Noun – proof, evidence, verification, demonstration, certification. Structure: Na-adjective + な + Noun Usage: Refers to proof or evidence obtained through experiments or observations that can be consistently replicated by other researchers following the same methodology. Reproducibility is a cornerstone of the scientific method, ensuring that findings are reliable and not due to chance, error, or specific conditions. Examples: 科学的発見には再現可能な証明が求められる。 Reproducible proof is demanded for scientific discoveries. 彼の実験結果は、他の研究室では再現可能な証明が得られなかった。 Reproducible proof for his experimental results could not be obtained in other labs. Register/Formality: Formal. A key term in scientific methodology and research discussions. Nuance: Emphasizes the ability for others to independently verify a claim or finding by repeating the procedure and obtaining the same results.が必要だとされるわけです。
[06:05] 女: なるほど。そのハードルは非常に高いわけですね。
[06:08] 男: そういうことになりますね。
[06:09] 男: うーん。今回の情報源、言葉を持たない子供たちが示すかもしれない、その驚くような能力と、それをなんとか理解しようとする家族とか研究者の姿を私たちに見せてくれましたね。
[06:22] 男: ミヤのケースで見られたあの驚異的な正確さ×Meaning: Amazing/astounding/phenomenal accuracy or exactness. Grammar: – 驚異的 (kyouiteki): Na-adjective – amazing, astounding, wonderful, phenomenal, miraculous. (驚異 kyoui ‘wonder, miracle, astonishment’ + 的 teki suffix). – な (na): Connector particle for na-adjectives modifying nouns. – 正確さ (seikakusa): Noun – accuracy, exactness, precision, correctness. (正確 seikaku ‘accurate, correct’ + さ -sa noun-forming suffix). Structure: Na-adjective + な + Noun Usage: Describes a degree of accuracy, correctness, or precision that is so exceptionally high that it evokes wonder, surprise, or disbelief. Examples: 彼は驚異的な正確さで的を射抜いた。 He hit the target with amazing accuracy. そのロボットは驚異的な正確さで作業をこなす。 That robot performs tasks with phenomenal accuracy. 彼女の記憶は驚異的な正確さを持っていた。 Her memory possessed astounding accuracy. Register/Formality: Neutral. The adjective ‘kyouiteki’ is quite strong and expressive. Alternatives: 驚くべき精度 (odorokubeki seido – surprising precision), 信じられないほどの正確さ (shinjirarenai hodo no seikakusa – unbelievable accuracy). ‘Kyouiteki na seikakusa’ emphasizes the wondrous or phenomenal level of correctness.とか、目撃者の反応の話は、確かにこう強く印象に残ります。
[06:30] 女: ええ、本当に。
[06:31] 女: ただ同時に、そのパウエル博士も指摘しているように、個人的な体験とか限られた観察から得られた結果と、普遍的×Meaning: Universal; applicable everywhere or in all cases. Grammar: – Na-adjective (can also function as Noun + の no). – 普遍 (fuhen): Noun – universality, ubiquity. – 的 (teki): Suffix forming na-adjectives, meaning ‘-ic’, ‘-al’, related to’. Usage: Describes something that exists, applies, or is true in all situations, places, or times, without exception; not limited to specific instances or conditions. Often used in contexts of laws, principles, rights, values, or characteristics. Examples: 人権は普遍的な価値観だと考えられている。 Human rights are considered a universal value. その法則は宇宙のどこでも普遍的に成り立つ。(Adverb form: 普遍的に fuhenteki ni) That law holds true universally anywhere in the universe. 美の基準は普遍的ではないかもしれない。 Standards of beauty may not be universal. Register/Formality: Formal. Common in philosophical, scientific, ethical, and theoretical discussions. Nuance: Contrasted with ‘specific’ (特殊的 tokushuteki), ‘relative’ (相対的 soutaiteki), ‘limited’ (限定的 genteiteki), or ‘cultural’ (文化的 bunkateki).とされる科学的な証明との間にはやっぱり大きな隔たり×Meaning: Gap, distance, divergence, gulf, estrangement, separation. Grammar: – Noun. – Derived from the verb 隔たる (hedataru – to be distant, be separated, differ from). Usage: Refers to a difference, disparity, separation, or lack of connection between two things, such as ideas, opinions, situations, time periods, groups, or physical locations. It implies a noticeable space or difference between them. Examples: 理想と現実の間には大きな隔たりがある。 There is a large gap between ideals and reality. 二人の意見の隔たりは埋まらなかった。 The divergence in their opinions was not bridged. 世代間の隔たりを感じる。 I feel a gap between generations. Register/Formality: Neutral. Alternatives: 差 (sa – difference, margin, variation), ギャップ (gyappu – gap, loanword, common), 相違 (soui – difference, discrepancy, formal), 距離 (kyori – distance, physical or metaphorical). ‘Hedatari’ often emphasizes the sense of separation or lack of connection.があるわけです。
[06:43] 男: そうですね。
[06:44] 女: 特に既存×Meaning: Existing, established, current, present. Grammar: – Noun, often used adjectivally with the particle の (no). – Composed of 既 (ki – already, previously) + 存 (zon/son – exist, be). Usage: Refers to something that already exists at the present time or at the time being discussed. It is used to distinguish current systems, rules, structures, products, data, etc., from new, proposed, or past ones. Examples: 既存のシステムを改善する必要がある。 There is a need to improve the existing system. 彼は既存の枠にとらわれず、新しいアイデアを生み出した。 He wasn’t bound by existing frameworks and created new ideas. 既存の顧客を大切にする。 To value existing customers. Register/Formality: Neutral to formal. Common in business, technical, academic, and official contexts. Alternatives: 現在の (genzai no – current, present), 今までの (ima made no – until now, existing so far). ‘Kizon’ specifically highlights the state of already being in existence, often implying it’s established.の科学のパラダイム、枠組み×Meaning: Framework, structure, framework, outline, setup, scheme. Grammar: – Noun. – Composed of 枠 (waku – frame, border, box, limit, scope) + 組み (kumi – noun form of 組む kumu, to assemble, construct, put together, organize). Usage: Refers to a basic structure, system, plan, or set of rules or ideas that provides support or organization for something else. It can be conceptual (like a theoretical framework), organizational (like a business structure), or procedural (like the framework for a project). Examples: 新しいプロジェクトの枠組みを作る。 To create the framework for a new project. 私たちは法的な枠組みの中で行動しなければならない。 We must act within the legal framework. 議論の枠組みを決めましょう。 Let’s decide on the framework for the discussion. Register/Formality: Neutral. Widely used in various contexts. Alternatives: 構造 (kouzou – structure, construction, often more physical or complex), 体系 (taikei – system, architecture, often for knowledge, theories), 骨組み (honegumi – skeleton, framework, often literal but can be metaphorical), パラダイム (paradaimu – paradigm, loanword). ‘Wakugumi’ is a general and common term for a defining structure or outline.からちょっとはみ出すような現象については、その検証自体がもう本質的×Meaning: Essential, intrinsic, fundamental, inherent. Grammar: – Na-adjective. – 本質 (honshitsu): Noun – essence, true nature, substance, reality. – 的 (teki): Suffix forming na-adjectives, meaning ‘-ic’, ‘-al’, ‘related to’. – Adverb form: 本質的に (honshitsuteki ni) – essentially, fundamentally, inherently. Usage: Describes something related to the core nature, fundamental quality, or intrinsic character of a thing, as opposed to its superficial, accidental, or external aspects. It points to the very essence of the subject. Examples: 問題の本質的な解決策を見つける必要がある。 We need to find an essential solution to the problem. (modifying ‘solution’) 人間は本質的に社会的な動物だ。(Adverb form) Humans are inherently social animals. この二つの概念は本質的に異なる。 (Adverb form) These two concepts are fundamentally different. Register/Formality: Neutral to formal. Common in philosophical, analytical, scientific, and serious discussions. Nuance: Focuses on the indispensable, core characteristics that define something, distinct from its outward appearance or secondary features.に難しいという側面があります×Meaning: There is the aspect that…; It has the side/facet of… Grammar: – Phrase structure. – Clause/Phrase + という (to iu): Quotative phrase (‘that…’, ‘the fact that…’). Connects the preceding description to the noun ‘sokumen’. – 側面 (sokumen): Noun – side, flank, aspect, facet, profile. – があります (ga arimasu): Polite form of がある (ga aru – there is/are, to have). Structure: (Clause/Phrase + という) + Noun (側面) + があります Usage: A way to introduce or point out a specific facet, characteristic, perspective, or angle of a situation, issue, or object, often acknowledging that it’s one part of a more complex whole. Examples: その計画には、経済的なメリットという側面があります。 That plan has the aspect of economic merit. 物事には常に良い側面と悪い側面があります。 Things always have a good aspect and a bad aspect. 彼の性格には、優しいという側面もある。 His personality also has the aspect of being kind. Register/Formality: Neutral to formal (due to the polite -masu form). Alternatives: 〜という点がある (to iu ten ga aru – there is the point that…), 〜という一面がある (to iu ichimen ga aru – there is the side that…). ‘Sokumen’ specifically emphasizes one ‘side’ or ‘facet’ of something multifaceted.ね。
[06:54] 男: うーん。そうなると、こういう家族が本当に求めていることって、必ずしもその科学的なお墨付き×Meaning: (Official) approval, authorization, guarantee, endorsement, certification; ‘seal of approval’. Grammar: – Noun. – Derived from 墨付き (sumitsuki – a document authenticated with a signature or seal in black ink, 墨 sumi). – The お (o-) is an honorific prefix, adding politeness, but the term itself often carries a slightly informal or traditional nuance in modern usage. Usage: Refers to an official or authoritative endorsement, guarantee, permission, or certification that confirms something’s quality, authenticity, legitimacy, or correctness. It’s like getting the ‘stamp of approval’ from someone in power or an expert. Examples: この製品は専門家のお墨付きです。 This product has the experts’ seal of approval. 社長のお墨付きをもらったので、計画を進めることができる。 Since I got the president’s approval, I can proceed with the plan. 彼の実力は、師匠のお墨付きだ。 His ability is guaranteed by his master. Register/Formality: Can be used in various contexts, but often feels somewhat informal or traditional compared to words like 承認 (shounin ‘approval’) or 保証 (hoshou ‘guarantee’). The お- prefix lends politeness. Cultural Context: Originates from the historical practice of authenticating documents with signatures or seals in black ink (墨 sumi). Now used metaphorically for authoritative validation.だけじゃなくて、自分たちの経験が、まあ、理解されて、子供たちに必要なサポートとか教育につながっていくことなのかもしれないですね。
[07:10] 女: そうかもしれませんね。
[07:11] 女: 理解とその先の支援、それが一番大事なのかもしれない。
[07:16] 男: ええ。
[07:16] 女: そして、ここでまあ、あなたに少し考えてみていただきたいのは、もしこれらの経験がですね、現在の科学がまだ捉えきれていない×”Meaning:何かを支社しているとしたら、
[07:27] 男: はい。
[07:27] 女: 私たちはその意識とか、コミュニケーション、あるいは知るということ自体の意味について何を問い直す×Meaning: To re-question; to question again; to reconsider; to re-examine fundamentally. Grammar: – Compound verb. – 問う (tou): Verb – to ask, question, inquire, charge (with a crime), hold responsible. – 直す (naosu): Auxiliary verb (when attached to V-stem) – to redo, do over again, correct. – 問い直す (toinaosu): Compound verb formed by V-stem 問(い) + 直す. Usage: Implies asking a question again, but often with a deeper sense of re-evaluating the question itself, the underlying assumptions, previous answers, or the entire issue from a fresh perspective. It suggests a need for fundamental reconsideration rather than simply repeating the question. Examples: 我々は計画の基本方針を問い直す時期に来ている。 We have come to a time when we must re-examine the basic policy of the plan. 常識だと思われていることを問い直すことが重要だ。 It’s important to re-question things that are thought to be common sense. 彼は自分の生き方を問い直した。 He re-examined his way of life. Register/Formality: Neutral. Nuance: Stronger and more profound than just ‘ask again’ (もう一度聞く mou ichido kiku or 再度問う saido tou). It implies a critical review and potential revision of understanding.必要があるんだろうかということなんです。
[07:38] 男: 問い直す、ですか。
[07:40] 女: ええ。特に、これまでもしかしたら能力がないと見なされてきたかもしれない人々について、私たちはどういう視点を持つべきなのか、そこを考えるきっかけになるかもしれませんね。

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話すことができない自閉症児のテレパシー能力に関する議論

• 話すことができない自閉症と診断された子供たちが、テレパシー能力を持っている可能性があるという主張が提起されている。
• ポッドキャスト「ザ・テレパシーテープス」からの情報源に基づき、神経科学者のダイアン・ヘネシー・パウェル博士の研究と、メキシコに住むミアという少女の事例に焦点を当てている。
• コミュニケーション、意識、科学的検証の限界など、根本的な問いを投げかけるテーマである。

パウェル博士の研究とミアの事例

• パウェル博士は、ジョンズ・ホプキーズ大学とハーバード大学で教鞭をとった経験を持つ神経精神科医であり、自閉症児のサヴァン症候群を研究していた。
• 複数の親から、子供が自分の心を読んでいるのではないかという声が寄せられたことが、テレパシー研究のきっかけとなった。
• ミアという12歳の自閉症の少女の事例が詳しく記録されており、ロサンゼルスで実験が行われた。
• 実験では、不正を防ぐために、特殊な目隠し、乱数発生器、独立した通訳者などが用いられた。

実験結果と考察

• ミアは、母親が念じた3桁の乱数を100%の正答率で当てた。
• 目隠しをしたまま、色付きのアイスキャンディーの棒を同じ色の場所に正確に置くことができた。
• 母親が開いた本のページ番号や単語を正確に言い当てた。
• 父親との同様のテストでは、ミアは数字や単語を当てることができなかった。
• この現象は、誰とでも起こるわけではなく、特定の感情的なつながりが関係している可能性が示唆されている。

関係者の反応と科学的検証

• 実験に立ち会ったカメラマンや通訳者は、目の前で起こったことを見て信じざるを得ないと語った。
• ミア本人にとって、母親とのテレパシー的なコミュニケーションは贈り物であり、ポジティブなものとして感じられている。
• QEEGによる脳スキャンでは、テレパシーとされるやり取り中に、母親とミア双方の脳活動が増加する傾向が見られた。
• パウェル博士自身は、これらの実験結果が現在の科学界の基準では受け入れられないだろうと認識している。
• 物質主義的な科学の立場からは、このような現象の説明は極めて難しく、再現可能な証明が必要とされる。

結論と問いかけ

• 言葉を持たない子供たちが示す驚くべき能力と、それを理解しようとする家族や研究者の姿が示された。
• 個人的な体験と科学的な証明の間には大きな隔たりがある。
• 家族が本当に求めているのは、科学的なお墨付きだけでなく、自分たちの経験が理解され、子供たちに必要なサポートや教育につながることかもしれない。
• アクションアイテム: 意識、コミュニケーション、知ることの意味について問い直し、これまで能力がないと見なされてきたかもしれない人々について、どういう視点を持つべきかを考える。